Projectile+Motion


 * Projectile Motion**

As the cannonball is launched from a cannon parallel to the ground, two different forces are acting on that ball. Horizontal velocity is the velocity of the ball as it moves through space horizonally. As you can see after each second, the horizontal velocity remains constant from the time when the ball is launched, to when it hits the ground. The vertical velocity changes uniformly after each second. Gravity is the force acting upon the object vertically. Gravity pulls the object toward the ground at 9.8 meters per second per second. The force of gravity increases as the object falls, indicating acceleration. Since the acceleration is constant with vertical velocity, the two equations that can be used are called kinematic equations. Kinematic equations can only be used when an object has constant acceleration. The two equations are final velocity equals initial velocity plus acceleration times time, and displacement equals one half gravity times time squared plus velocity initial times time. The horizontal velocity remains the same thoroughout entire motion. This means that there is no acceleration of the object. The equation that can be used is d=tv, because the object is moving horizontally at constant velocity.
 * Horizontal Projectile Motion**

** When the object is launched from the cannon, the same concept that was present in horizontal projectile motion applies to angled projectile motion also. The horizontal velocity remains constant throughout the movement of the cannonball. The vertical velocity changes by 9.8 meters per second per second. 9.8 meters per second squared is the value for gravity. The only difference in the vertical velocity between the horizontal and angled projectile motion is that the angled has positive values for the first two seconds, then slipping into the negative values. The horizonal projectile motion had only negative values for vertical velocity. As the cannonball is moving in an upward direction, both velocities (horizontal and vertical) have positive values. At maximum height, there is no velocity for the vertical velocity, although there is still positive horizontal velocity. As the object falls to the ground, the vertical velocity becomes negative, while the horizontal velocity remains positive and constant. The time which the objects is going up is less than the time coming down, because the object has a farther way to drop coming down, because it was launched from a cliff.
 * Off the ground at an angle projectile motion

** When an object is thrown in an upward direction, it has positive vertical and horizontal velocity. When the object reaches maximum height, there is no vertical velocity, only horizontal. As the object falls, the vertical velocity becomes negative, while the horizontal velocity remains positive and constant. The horizontal velocity always remains the same, while the vertical velocity has initial velocity, with gravity acting upon it after release from the trajectory. The time which the objects is going up is less than the time coming down, because the object has a farther way to drop coming down, because it was thrown a few above the ground. When an object is launched at 90 degrees, no matter what the initial velocity is, the range remains the same because it is going straight up and down. Also, when an object is launched at an angle, the opposite angle (the angles should total 90 degrees) should have the same range. For example, an object launched at 70 degrees and an object launched as 20 degrees both have a range of 168.81 meters. As an object is thrown up, the time for the object to go up is the same time it takes for the object to come down.
 * Ground to Ground at an angle Projectile Motion